Chocolate & Dogs Don't Mix

Photo source:

calgaryvizsla.blogspot.com

With Valentine’s Day around the corner, be careful not to let your dog find your chocolate stash!  Just a few ounces of semisweet chocolate for small dog could be lethal.  The main culprits that can be toxic to dogs are theobromine and caffeine.  These can cause tachycardia (a dangerously fast heart rate), seizures, and in worse case scenarios, even death.  Chocolate often has sugar and fat associated with it which can also lead to vomiting and diarrhea, and pancreatitis.  But it is tasty, and dogs have such a keen sense of smell that even well wrapped or hidden chocolate is not a secret to them!

Check out this interactive chocolate chart: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/10/pets/chocolate-chart-interactive

 

 

Galina!

Galina is a happy contented 18 month old kitty that had as part of her morning routine, racing up and down the steps of her two story home after her ball.  One owner would stand at the top of the stairs and catch a little ball her other owner would throw up from the kitchen, and back and forth she would go.  It was great exercise and totally fun for Galina, until one morning, two weeks ago…

Galina’s owners heard a loud thump as she was bounding up the stairs.  Galina stopped short when they came over to see what had happened, and then quietly walked over to her bed and laid down.  Her owners made sure she was breathing, looked alert, seemed not to be in pain, and let her rest.  When afternoon arrived and she had still not come out to the kitchen for her breakfast, nor moved much from her spot from the morning, they brought her to the hospital to have us check her out. 

Outwardly, Galina seemed to be fine. There was no evidence of bruising or soreness anywhere.  She didn’t have a fever.  Her heart and lungs sounded normal and her mucus membranes were pink.  No signs of a broken tooth, but wait.  Her front teeth looked a little askew, as if they didn’t fit into each other normally.  The lower teeth seemed to be shifted a little to the right.  She could still close her mouth but was reluctant to open it.  With a little more investigation, we noticed a mild swelling over her left jaw and wondered if the loud thump could have been her head hitting the step and causing injury to her jaw.  We weren’t sure if there was a fracture or dislocation, but her lower jaw seemed to be the problem.

We referred Galina to a specialist to be sure that we would only need to anesthetize her once, to both diagnose the problem with xrays, and treat it simultaneously should there be a fracture or more complicated repair.  It turned out that she had dislocated her left TMJ (temporomandibular joint).

Note the slight rotation of the lower jaw/teeth to the right as compared to her upper teeth (red arrow), and the larger space at the left TMJ (white arrow) vs. the right in this “before” xray:

 The surgeon was able to perform a “closed reduction” under anesthesia and reset the jaw:

 Notice how the canine teeth fit together symmetrically now (red arrow), and the TMJ’s are also symmetrical now (white arrows).

A closed reduction refers to a procedure whereby the joint is reset without opening the site surgically.  In order to prevent the joint from slipping out of position again, while the ligaments that normally hold it in place healed, the surgeon opted to place a large gauge non-absorbable suture across the bridge of  her nose, through her mouth inside her upper and lower lips, and secured under her chin.  She could open her mouth a little bit to lap up water and soft food, but could not open her jaw fully.  She also had to wear a plastic Elizabethan collar to prevent her from pulling out the suture.  As you might imagine, this was quite an adjustment for Galina!
After a few days at home it became clear that she was not going to eat on her own, nor would she drink water.  She became dehydrated, and constipated, and then started vomiting.  Her supportive care during her recuperation became difficult to manage at home, so Galina spent several days in the hospital so that our nurses could syringe feed her and keep her hydrated until the suture could be removed. 

After 10 days we removed the suture and while she was still on soft food for another week, she returned to quite the happy kitty again, able to clean herself, and open her mouth freely.  In about 3-4 more weeks, we can be pretty comfortable that she will not risk dislocating her TMJ without another serious impact. 

Her owners have learned a lot about cats through this experience:  how much they do not like “hats”, or having their jaw sutured closed, how they vomit sometimes when constipated, how finicky they can be about food, and how appreciative they are for attention when they want it.  Thankfully her ordeal is now behind her.  Good luck Galina!

Chew This, Not That!

With National Dental Health Month right around the corner, it seems fitting that we should talk a little bit about what types of chew toys are good for dogs.  The only problem is that not all dogs are made the same.  The chewing needs and tolerance for a Staffordshire Terrier are quite different from that of a Cocker Spaniel or Dachshund.  And the types of toys that will hold their attention can vary as well.

Photo Source: alldogblog.com

“Natural” products always seem to be crowd pleaser for a lot of dogs, but they are not all equally palatable--literally.  Pig ears tend to be very fatty and diarrhea is a common consequence to their consumption, and therefore something I would avoid.  I liken it to eating a bag of pork rinds.  These may be tasty, but not so good for the digestive tract.  Bully sticks have become popular again, but do you really want your dog chewing a bull penis for an hour? And for the smaller dogs, oftentimes the bone fragments come through with significant irritation to the colon/intestinal tract.   Some dogs are such aggressive chewers on hooves and antlers that they actually fracture their teeth chewing on these.

Photo Source: arcatapet.com

At the other end of the spectrum, soft toys with stuffing and squeakers can also create a problem if they are taken apart and the pieces are then ingested.  The stuffing/matting in these toys can be difficult to pass and get caught in the intestines.  The squeakers are particularly unforgiving and can sometimes lead to obstructions that have to be corrected surgically. 

Photo Source: amazon.com

So what can you give your dog then?  The short answer is “it depends!”  For most dogs, the Kong toys are good, relatively indestructible, and safe toys to have.  Lining the insides with a little peanut butter (little is the key word), or some wedged in milk bones, or “Kong filling”, will make them more interesting, and can be engaging for a long period of time.  Nylabones, gummabones, and Galileo bones are generally safe to use because they are not edible per se so they last longer.  Sometimes to get a dog interested in these bones you have to hold one end until they start to make a dent in it.  After that, it becomes a real job for some dogs and can take weeks to months to “finish” the job.  One should throw these away when they become small enough to accidentally swallow whole. 

Photo Source: performancepet.net

Rawhide can also be enjoyable and good for their teeth.  The size and shape of the rawhide are important to consider. The flat or rolled strips are probably the safest, but one should observe your dog to be sure they actually chew them rather than try to swallow them whole, or bury them in the yard.  Avoid rawhide with knotted ends, as the end can come off and be accidentally swallowed whole.  If a rawhide is not chewed up first, it certainly could cause an obstruction.  Some are also coated with flavoring which can stain a light colored carpet or cause indigestion.  Also, there are some dogs with food allergies that cannot have these items.

Photo Source: missourilife.com

Greenies are good if your dog chews them, but if they are swallowed in large chunks or whole, they can lead to esophageal or intestinal tears or blockage.  This is more of a concern for smaller dogs.  The important thing to remember is that whatever chew toy you pick for your dog, watch them first to be sure they chew it as intended, and that they don’t have indigestion afterwards.

 Chewing is an important activity for dogs.  It often keeps them from gnawing on your furniture or on your feet!  If you hold one end of a chew toy, it can be a connection between you and your dog in a safe and fun way.  But an important thing to teach your dog is to release the toy when necessary.  This is something that is easy to train your dog to do with a replacement of a treat.  "Release" or "Leave it" are important commands whether it is a toy or an expensive new shoe that needs to be released!

Can I Make Cookies For The Dogs?

A few years ago, a coworker of my husband’s, who knew we had 4 dogs, gave us some recipes for dog biscuits that his wife had tried making and their dog loved. At the time, basketball and rugby and other children related activities took more of my time and I put the recipes in a drawer. The other day I found them; now that the kids are out of the house, I have time to pamper my dogs! So today I am going to make the Peanut Butter Oatmeal Dog Biscuits:
(The recipe I used came from this website: http://www.nittanygreys.org/?page=depot&id=196)

Peanut Butter Oatmeal Dog Biscuits
• 1½ cup hot water
• 1 cup quick cooking oats
• 2 cups whole wheat flour
• 2 Tbsp vegetable oil
• ½ cup peanut butter
• ¼ cup wheat germ

1. Pour hot water over oatmeal and let cool to lukewarm.
2. Stir in oil and peanut butter.
3. Add wheat germ and enough flour to make stiff dough.
4. Roll on floured cutting board to 3/8" inch thick.
5. Bake for 3 to 3½ hours at 250 degrees, flipping every hour until thoroughly dry.

The recipe is not hard to follow.  One thing to remember is that if they don’t get hard and dry enough (i.e. they are still a little soft after baking), they should be refrigerated or they could eventually spoil.

There is something about preparing our own food, and in this case, our pets’ food, that is appealing. It feels more “natural” and wholesome. If we have the time and resources, it seems like a reasonable thing to do. But wait, do we really know the nutritional needs of our pets as well as our own? The answer is no. Dogs and cats are not little people; foods that may satisfy our needs are not necessarily the ones that will satisfy theirs. In addition, there are many foods that are not well tolerated by our domesticated canines, and the variety of breeds makes one canine not like another. A Chihuahua or a Miniature Poodle is not going to have the same tolerance as a Black Lab or a Great Dane. Some things are the same.  However, if you are a veterinary nutritionist, you will know what those things are.

UC Davis has a Nutrition Support Service that can formulate a homemade balanced diet for your pet on an individual basis. The cost for a recipe is about $250 but if you follow it, you can be assured that your pet will be fed a well-balanced and supportive diet. However, if you change or substitute ingredients, you will change that balance and they suggest revising the formulation. Dog food companies that have research facilities associated with them will also invest in developing these recipes. They perform trial feeding studies that will actually test the efficacy of their diets over time. Not all companies will do this testing and this is something to keep in mind. Much of what you buy commercially is based on extrapolation from data acquired through previous research. Still, a pet food company whose business depends on providing a healthy diet for our pet, vs. me, the individual, who guesses at what my dog should eat, is going to produce a different result.

So I am going to feed my dogs these cookies as a Treat. That means they will only get a few.  I will wait to be sure they tolerate them and don’t develop soft stools, gas, or throw up on the rug. Then maybe tomorrow they will get another one. I won’t give them too many just as I wouldn’t give my children too many cookies, and I will still feed them their regular diet.

Like most things in life, moderation is a good rule to follow. If you are so inclined, enjoy baking for your dogs this holiday season but don’t indulge them too much. Ho ho ho!

Thanksgiving: Vomit, Diarrhea, & Vet Bills--oh my!

The day after Thanksgiving is often a busy day at veterinary hospitals. For many of us, this once a year holiday celebrated by wonderful food and over-indulgence for “just one day” spills over to the household pets as well. It is very tempting to give the dog(s) just a little turkey, or some of the gravy, or some of the sweet potatoes, and pretty soon, a little becomes a lot. Kind of like what happens to my plate! And after smelling the aroma of roasting turkey, fresh baked rolls, and pumpkin pie all day, what dog doesn’t feel entitled to a few samples?

But for many dogs, especially some with more delicate palates, this adventure into once a year indulgence is not easy to stomach—literally! Almost half of the calls in to the hospital, if not more, for the next two days will be related to vomiting and diarrhea. And it can get messy. If you are lucky, your dog or cat will only present one or two piles for you to clean up. If you are not so lucky, you could be cleaning all night, and into the next day.

Luckily, most cases resolve relatively quickly. In a few days, with proper diet adjustment, and sometimes a prescription to help, things do go back to the way they were. But sometimes things don’t get better so easily, and our pet becomes lethargic, dehydrated, and painful. The possibility of developing a pancreatitis is very real for dogs. They are creatures of habit and their guts are too. When dogs eat foods they are not used to digesting, and especially if the food is rich and heavy in fats, they can over stimulate their pancreas and it becomes inflamed. With inflammation there is a release of digestive enzymes into the abdominal cavity which can cause extreme pain, and in some cases, even auto digestion within the abdomen. When cats eat foods they are not used to, it creates inflammation in the stomach or intestinal tract that can take weeks or months to resolve often also affecting the pancreas and the liver. In either case, the veterinary bills can be high and hospitalization for rehydration, lab work, and possible x-rays or ultrasound is almost always necessary. Without proper treatment, pets can actually die from pancreatitis.

Obstructions from bones are surprisingly not as common, but depending on the size or shape of the bone fragment as it goes down, relative to the size of the pet, it can be just as serious of a problem—and an urgent one. If there is a tear in the gut from a sharp shard, it can mean emergency surgery.

Most of us like to spend the remainder of the holiday weekend relaxing with family, shopping for bargains, and eating more leftovers. Let’s give ourselves every opportunity to do that and stay out of the veterinary emergency waiting room this holiday. My suggestion is to stick to the plan and don’t feed anything special to the dog, or the cat, unless it is part of their normal diet. Instead, treat them to a walk or a nice nap with their person. Both of these things will undoubtedly be part of your planned holiday experience anyway!

Photo Sources:

"Beagle with food"

Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cseeman/4141224600/">cseeman

"Thanksgiving Meal"

Photo credit: www.flickr.com/photos/eraphernalia_vintage/2742871131/">EraPhernalia Vintage . . . (playin' hook-y ;o

Lumps and Bumps 2012

Lumps and bumps are not all the same.  One such lump, known as a cutaneous histiocytoma, is a skin mass that often appears seemingly all of a sudden in younger dogs, especially under 2 years of age.   The cause of the mass is unknown, and although it looks very much like a tumor, it may just be proliferative or reactive tissue, because most often they will regress on their own within a few months.  Sometimes it takes 2-3 weeks and sometimes up to 5-6 months to regress.  That can be worrisome because waiting that long on a true tumor that may not be benign is risky.   An aspirate and cytology or biopsy is recommended to confirm the diagnosis.  If you are lucky like Quincy, the happy 11-month-old Boxer in our picture, a cutaneous histiocytoma will regress on its own.  In Quincy’s case it took 2-1/2 months, but as you can see, the “lump” fully resolved on its own.  

Thanks, Quincy, for letting us share your story!

Trick or Treat Costume Contest!

 

TRICK OR TREAT COSTUME CONTEST WINNERS 2012!!
 

Hot Dog Kahlua with 50 votes!!



Kobi & Whitney Dressed Up with 43 votes!!

Peek-A-Boo Beauregard with 15 votes!!

Pumpkin Tori with 15 votes!!

Walphie is Wambo with 9 votes!!

Thank you for everyone who participated in this year's costume contest!! It was great seeing all the cute pictures that were submitted. Congratulations to our winners, we will be contacting you soon!

 





Lady Bug Dora



Dr. Aussie



Bear & Pumpkin Friends





Sheriff Happy Camper



Pretty Steeler





Skeleton Zetta



Butterfly Osa



Scarecrow Mickey Mulligan



Decorated Jasper







Aubie's Decorations









Donner the Wizard







Peppy Gangnam Style



Royal Chompers & Vela

Max & Roxy: The Pirates



Trick Or Treat!!!

It's Halloween time!  An exciting time for kids and grown ups who get to step out of their normal reality for one night, and are rewarded by feasting on chocolate and sweets.  What could be better? For dogs and cats, it can also be very exciting.  From your furry companion’s point of view, the night is filled with odd sights, smells, and sounds.

The doorbell rings almost every few minutes.  Strangers are collecting things that smell very sweet while wearing capes, sparkles, carrying light torches and laughing loudly.  All the while, odd material is velcroed onto my body or head.  I hear my name being called and whistling, followed by the bright flash of light.  Eventually the thrill passes and I can go back to hunting for skunks in the backyard, or cleaning my paws whilst lounging on my favorite chair.  Unless…

Dad seems distracted by all the kids in the other room examining their loot.  Without them suspecting anything, I have found the bowl of Mars delights. Perfect!  Oh, a shiny stick with ribbons for me to chew on.   It looks like a rope toy but it is slightly different.  Hey, help me get this Yoda suit off or maybe I’ll just chew on it until I can wiggle just a little…GULP!

And you get the picture.  Don’t forget that grapes and raisins can be toxic to some pets.  Other dangers lurk around this time a year such as chocolate, flashlight batteries, fairy tinsel, uncomfortable costumes, and yes, skunks!  Skunks seem to be out in force every Halloween, judging from the number of people calling for recipes to bathe their dogs with the following day.  By the way, nothing will totally get skunk spray out except time; however, lemon juice, baking soda, hydrogen peroxide and a little dishwashing liquid or shampoo is a good starting place.  It can bubble up so be careful. 

The bottom line: keep your pets safe, indoors, and away from the goodies until once again, sanity returns on November 1^st (Ahahahahahaha!).